NIV.1.Cor.15.3 For what I received I passed on to you as of first importance: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, 4 that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures, 5 and that he appeared to Cephas, and then to the Twelve. 6 After that, he appeared to more than five hundred of the brothers and sisters at the same time, most of whom are still living, though some have fallen asleep. 7 Then he appeared to James, then to all the apostles, 8 and last of all he appeared to me also, as to one abnormally born.
12 But if it is preached that Christ has been raised from the dead, how can some of you say that there is no resurrection of the dead? 13 If there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised. 14 And if Christ has not been raised, our preaching is useless and so is your faith.
16 For if the dead are not raised, then Christ has not been raised either. 17 And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile; you are still in your sins. 18 Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ are lost. 19 If only for this life we have hope in Christ, we are of all people most to be pitied.
20 But Christ has indeed been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep. 21 For since death came through a man, the resurrection of the dead comes also through a man.
You’re encouraged to read the full chapter.
In the days and weeks following Easter, it’s easy for us to speak about “resurrection,” but imagine a world where there was no such word. Jesus, who they had watched die, was showing up in various locations and among various groups of people very much physically alive. Furthermore, that being the case, can we find meaning in his life, death and resurrection, and what implications does it have for us who choose to follow in his way?
We’re back for a fourth time with the writing of author and theologian Dr. Allan R. Bevere, and as always you’re encouraged to use the link in the title which follows to read this where it first appeared.
Jesus Was Raised from the Dead Because This World Matters to God
I take the position, along with the historic church, that Jesus’ bodily resurrection is necessary for salvation. It is my view that if Jesus was not physically raised, then the Christian faith is false and not worth salvaging. In affirming Jesus’ bodily resurrection, I am not simply professing faith in his resuscitated corpse. Jesus was resurrected. His resurrected bodily, while different from his pre-crucifixion body, nevertheless shared similar corporeal properties. And it was necessary that it did so.
Please consider the following:
The New Testament writers would not have known the concept of resurrection without the body. To be sure, there was the concept of the immaterial soul in Platonic philosophy, but the language of the New Testament is not Platonic in this respect. A superficial reading of the New Testament demonstrates this. The Gospels claim that the tomb was empty, which meant that Jesus’ body was not there. Now this claim, in and of itself, does not demonstrate that Jesus rose physically, but it does show that resurrection meant to the Gospel writers and their hearers that something had indeed physically happened to Jesus’ body. Years ago, the Jewish scholar, Geza Vermes stated that the evidence of the empty tomb of Jesus was incontrovertible. It is outside of the bounds of historical competence to imagine that the disciples knew Jesus was dead, but somehow started proclaiming his “resurrection” because his life and ministry changed their hearts. The Jewish leadership would have seen such a claim as no serious threat– Christians running around Jerusalem proclaiming that a still dead Jesus had been spiritually raised within them.
By the way, those who proclaim belief in miracles, including the resurrection of corpses, as somehow out of date, are themselves not espousing new, enlightened ideas in their rejection of such things. Such disbelief has been around for centuries; and their divorce of body from spirit is more primitive and older than the claim of bodily resurrection. In some ways, modernism is not so modern after all. None of this, of course, means that we should take a pre-critical approach to the Gospels. Surely not! What it does mean, on our part is that we must have enough humility to be open to the fact that God may indeed work in ways that we can only describe as “miraculous.” It is most strange to affirm that God can create life, but cannot nor will not bring life back from the dead.
Moreover, the Apostle Paul bears witness to the necessity of the bodily resurrection of Jesus, not only in 1 Corinthians, but also as he, prior to his conversion, persecuted the first Christians. Ellis Rivkin, another Jewish scholar, asked many years ago what would have set Paul (Saul) off against those early believers? He concludes that it had to be the claim of a bodily raised Jesus. As a Pharisee, Paul would have believed that only the righteous were raised. The claim of Jesus’ resurrection meant, therefore, that this Jesus was indeed God’s man and God’s favor rested upon him. The implications for Paul (Saul) were clear. Once he became convinced of Jesus’ resurrection, he had no option but to accept him as God’s Anointed.
If indeed the first Christians had non-corporeal visions of Jesus, they would not have used the language of resurrection. In Jewish literature we read of such visions. The Jews had language to describe such visions; it was not the language of resurrection.
I could go on and on, but just one last point: It somewhat mystifies me that more than few individuals whose theology and ethics are centrally concerned with matters of social justice–caring for the poor in this world, and being good stewards of the environment in this world, et al.– reject the necessity of a bodily raised Jesus. (I am also somewhat mystified that some of those more evangelical insist on a bodily raised Jesus, but who interpret salvation almost exclusively as individual and other-worldly spiritual, making a bodily raised Jesus functionally irrelevant in this world.)
The bodily resurrection of Jesus is God’s affirmation that this world matters, that God intends to save this world and so it is critically important to seek justice in this life, to feed the poor in this life, and to care for the God’s world in this life. An early christological argument for the full humanity of Jesus was “that which he has not become he has not saved.”
In like fashion, that which Jesus has not overcome he has not defeated. If Jesus’ body remained dead, death is still in control and stalks us with no hope for victory. If Jesus’ resurrection is simply a metaphor for his spirit rising to be with God, then salvation is nothing more than pie-in-the-sky in the sweet by-and-by. Such faith becomes other-worldly, divorced from the real problems of human existence that God desires to eliminate.
When faith is divorced from history, it is divorced from the reality of this world; and when it is divorced from the reality of this world, all that matters is going to heaven when we die. We do not need to be concerned that the poor are fed; after all they will die soon enough and go to be with God. Those who care so much about justice in this world need to embrace the bodily raised Jesus; it is the most powerful affirmation that the work of God in this world matters.
In conclusion, allow me to quote Tom Wright:
Jesus’ resurrection is the beginning of God’s new project, not to snatch people away from earth to heaven, but to colonize earth with the life of heaven. That, after all, is what the Lord’s Prayer is about.
When Paul wrote his great resurrection chapter, 1 Corinthians 15, he didn’t end by saying, “So let’s celebrate the great future life that awaits us.” He ended by saying, “So get on with your work, because you know that in the Lord it won’t go to waste.” When the final resurrection occurs, as the centrepiece of God’s new creation, we will discover that everything done in the present world in the power of Jesus’ own resurrection will be celebrated and included, appropriately transformed.
We sing during the Easter season, “You ask me how I know he lives? He lives within my heart.” Well, that is nice, but it is not good enough. The Jesus who “lives” within my heart is not sufficient to renew all of creation– more is necessary.
A reductionist faith that minimizes Jesus’ resurrection to metaphors and mythologized language cannot meet the challenges of a world in desperate need of resurrection.
The tomb is empty. He is risen indeed!